Innovators discuss eng’g, S&T for the ‘new normal’ in a virtual int’l conference
The Batangas State University successfully staged its 5th International Research Conference on Innovations in Engineering, Science and Technology (IRCIEST V) with the theme “Innovations in Engineering, Science and Technology for the New Normal and Beyond” held virtually for the first time via FLOOR platform, Dec. 6-7. More than 470 participants from local higher education institutions (HEIs), private institutions, and business organizations joined the knowledge-sharing event which served as a dynamic platform for S&T and engineering students, professionals, technopreneurs, and researchers to share advances in various fields and stages of technology applications and commercialization. According to University President Dr. Tirso A. Ronquillo, IRCIEST’s main goal is to enjoin researchers from different institutions across the globe to do more collaborative work to provide innovative solutions to the immediate problems in the ‘new normal’. “The Batangas State University remains committed to strengthening and enhancing the capabilities of our researchers as we continue to build upon our commitment to forging a country that is able to reap the fruits of innovation in engineering, science and technology in the knowledge-based economy,” Pres. Ronquillo shared during his opening remarks. Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Secretary Fortunato T. Dela Peña delivered the keynote address. He presented various projects DOST has crafted to inspire more life-changing innovations in the new normal through the Science and Technology for a Resilient Community against the Pandemic or STRAP program. “As part of the scientific community, we will continue to find solutions that our rich human resources can put up through our support for science and technology projects. We need to collaborate and partner more with our universities and research institutions to take part in our endeavors in research and development,” Sec. Dela Peña concluded in his keynote address. The conference also featured a keynote lecture from Ms. Salla Eckhardt, Director of Transformation Services of Microsoft on “Digital Transformation in the New Normal and Beyond” as well as plenary sessions, panel discussions, and masterclasses with innovators from the Philippines, Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, and United States as resource speakers. Plenary sessions: Mr. Christopher Cooper, Chief Science Officer and CEO, Airlock 389 Mr. George Royeca, Chief Transport Advocate, Angkas Panel discussion on Women Growth and Innovation: Ms. Katrina Chan, Director, QBO Innovation Hub Ms. Paula Mills, Founder & CEO, Academy of Entrepreneurs Ms. Priya Thachadi, Co-Founder and CEO, Villgro Philippines Mr. Chris Peralta, Founder and CEO, Silicon Valley HQ Panel discussion on Building Regional Startup Enablers for Ecosystem Development RESEED Consortium Representatives from different Regions: Dr. Thelma Palaoag, University of the Cordilleras, TARAKI Cordillera Dr. Jose Guzman, Cagayan State University, SINAG Cagayan Valley Engr. Dennis Dela Cruz, Bulacan State University, SULONG Central Luzon Engr. Albertson Amante, Batangas State University, ICONS South Luzon Engr. Shearyl Arenas, Technological Institute of the Philippines, QC SCALE NCR Dr. Carmelo Ambut, Iloilo Science and Technology University, UMWAD Western Visayas Ms. Janice Antoniette Förster, Silliman University, DASIG Central Visayas Engr. Bronson Mabulay, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, MindSET Northern Mindanao Mr. Miguel Carlo Guillermo, University of the Philippines Mindanao, IDEAS Davao Engr. Edward Paul Apigo, Senior Science Research Specialist, DOST PCIEERD – RITTD Parallel Masterclasses: Mr. Neelesh Bhatia, CEO, Akadasia – “Adapting a Universal Design for your Online Classroom” Mr. Kelvin Ng Han Yao, Analytics Specialist, Quandatics – “From Data to Prediction Without Coding” Dr. Seow Kok Huie, Senior Application Engineer, TechSource Systems – “Machine Learning Techniques and Enhanced Signal Processing for Sensor Data Analytics Dr. Vincent Chai, Sr. Program Manager, CAD-IT Consultants (Asia) Pte Ltd. – “ The Role of Simulation in Industry 4.0” A total of 36 papers were presented during the parallel sessions tackling food and agriculture; engineering education, S&T, electronics, data science and analytics; instrumentation and control; automation and control, information and communication technology, biochemistry and molecular biology, and energy and environment. The conference was formally closed with the awarding of Best Presenters and Best Research Papers as well as the announcement of the top 3 winners in the Innovation Challenge Competition. The AIRIN start-up project of the Nueva Vizcaya State University was announced as the champion in the competition. Meanwhile, the Cocofuel project of Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology and the Polypelletech project of the University Rizal System were awarded as the 2nd placer and 3rd placer respectively. P100,000 worth of total cash prizes will be awarded to the winners. Ms. Emelita P. Bagsit, Regional Director of the Department of Science and Technology and major sponsor of the Innovation Challenge Competition graced the occasion and assisted in the awarding of winners. Engr. Albertson Amante, IRCIEST V Conference Chair officially closed the conference by thanking all participants and committee members for the successful virtual event and invited everyone for the 6th IRCIEST in 2023. IRCIEST V is a biennial conference organized and spearheaded by Batangas State University since 2013. Batangas State University is a Level IV state university in the CALABARZON region, and the only SUC in the country accredited by the US Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) for its Engineering and Information Technology programs. It is rated 3 stars in the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) list of top universities and has the highest number of ASEAN Engineers faculty among Philippine higher education institutions.
Workshop Activities
Home SEACAP Team Call for Participation Workshop Activities Contact US SEACAP Workshop Activities 24-26 October 2021 Tentative Joint Workshop Plan (online-synchronised and off-line activities) Batangas State University Philippines University of Wolverhampton / Brighton UK Date Time (Ph) Activity Date Time Activity 24 October 2:00 pm Arrival of participants 24 October 6:00 pm Dinner 24 October 5:00 pm Pre-workshop orientation (simultaneous virtual with other participants) a. Presentation of SEACAP Rationale and Objectives b. Discussion of Expected Outputs from the Workshop No Online Activity Day 2. Monday 25th October 2021 Philippine Time: 3:00 pm to 9:00 pm UK Time: 9:00 am to 5:00 pm Virtual Meeting with UK partner (introduction of participants) 25 October 3:00 pm Registration 25 October 4:00 pm Opening Program for the Philippines a. AVP for National Anthem (Ph and UK) and Prayer b. Messages (can be pre-recorded) from i. DOST Secretary ii. British Council 25 October 9:00 am Opening Program for the Philippines (see details below) c. AVP for National Anthem (Ph and UK) and Prayer d. Messages (can be pre-recorded) from i. DOST Secretary ii. British Council 25 October 4:30 pm Message from the UK Principal Investigator (PI) Prof Chaminda Pathirage 25 October 9:30 am Message from the UK Principal Investigator (PI) Prof Chaminda Pathirage 25 October 4:45 pm Message from the Philippines Principal Investigator Prof. Tirso A. Ronquillo 25 October 9:45 am Message from the Philippines Principal Investigator Prof. Tirso A. Ronquillo 25 October 5:00 pm Introduction of Participants 25 October 10:00 am Introduction of Participants 25 October 5:30 pm Session Speaker 1 from the Philippines 1. Management Challenges and Gaps in Coastal Climate Resilience (N/PDRRMC/OCD) 25 October 10:30 am Session Speaker 1 from the Philippines 1. Management Challenges and Gaps in Coastal Climate Resilience (N/PDRRMC/OCD) 5:55 pm Break Out Session – groupings per theme 10:55 am Break Out Session – groupings per theme 25 October 6:10 pm Session Speaker 2 from the Philippines 2. Partnerships for Coastal Climate Resilience Goals (DENR/NGO) 25 October 11:10 am Session Speaker 2 from the Philippines 2. Partnerships for Coastal Climate Resilience Goals (NDRRMC/DENR/NGO) 25 October 6:35 pm Round-table Discussion – Enhancing your research impact and building collaboration with stakeholders especially from govt and industry by Prof Mohammed Arif 25 October 11:35 am Round-table Discussion – Enhancing your research impact and building collaboration with stakeholders especially from govt and industry by Prof Mohammed Arif 25 October 7:35 pm Presentation of Pre-Workshop Output including survey output (Dr Tim and Dr Tina) (working dinner) 25 October 12:15 pm Presentation of Pre-Workshop Output including survey output (Dr Tim and Dr Tina) (early working lunch) 25 October 8:05 pm Breakout Session with teams 26 October 1:05 pm Break out Session with teams 25 October 9:00 pm Day 1 ends 25 October 2:00 pm Data collection and validation exercise. (Dr Amit, Dr Muhammad Rana and Dr Tim) 25 October 5:00 pm End of Day 1 25 October 7:30 pm Dinner Day 3. Tuesday 26th October 2021 Philippine Time: 4:00 pm to 7:30 pm UK Time: 9:00 am to 5:00 pm 26 October 4:00 pm Recap by Dr Cristina Amor Rosales 26 October 9:00 am Recap by Prof Chaminda Pathirage and Dr Muhammad Rana Virtual Meeting with UK partner (introduction of participants) 26 October 4:30 pm Session 3 Speaker from Philippines 3. Technologies developed for Coastal Climate Resiliency (DOST) 26 October 9:30 am Session 3 Speaker from Philippines 3. Technologies developed for Coastal Climate Resiliency (DOST) 26 October 4:45 pm Session Speaker 4: 4. Application of modern technologies to enhance disaster resilience (UK Professor) 26 October 9:45 am Session Speaker 4: 4. Application of modern technologies to enhance disaster resilience (UK Professor) 26 October 5:00 pm Open Discussion for Session 3 and 4 26 October 10:00 am Open Discussion for Session 3 and 4 26 October 5:10 pm Breakout Session for groups to finalize a proposal 26 October 10:10 am Breakout Session for groups to finalize a proposal 26 October 5:30 pm Presentation of outputs and survey data from PH by Dr Tina Rosales (Ph) and Dr Oladinrin (UK) 26 October 10:30 am Presentation of outputs and survey data from PH by Dr Tina Rosales (Ph) and Dr Oladinrin (UK) 26 October 6:00 pm Discussion session on the developed frameworks: Feedback from participants from both sides 26 October 11:00 am Discussion session on the developed frameworks: Feedback from participants from both sides 26 October 6:15 pm Presentation of Proposals 11:15 am Presentation of Proposals 26 October 7:30 pm Official End of the Workshop 26 October 1:00 pm Lunch on campus 26 October 2:00 pm Validation exercise 26 October 3:50 pm Concluding remarks by Prof Chaminda, Prof Arif and Dr Muhammad Rana 26 October 4:10 pm Distribution of Certificates to the Participants 26 October 4:30 pm Official End of the day and Workshop 26 October 6:30 pm Dinner at Anglia Ruskin University Day 4 27 October 10:00 am Departure from Hotel
LIKHA: Pag-ibig sa Musika at Masa
HEAD’S UP, RED SPARTANS! In the pursuit of honing each Red Spartans talents and skills, BatStateU Band will be conducting its first ever song writing competition themed “LIKHA: Pagibig sa Musika at sa Masa”. The song writing competition is open to all bonafide students of Batangas State University of all campuses. Send your entries and let your talent shine! You’ll also get the chance to participate in a national competition once you win. Filing of registration and sending of entries is until July 17, 2021, 11:59 pm. https://forms.gle/WryBiraH9CsSoXgX8
Procedure for Online Document Requisition
Step 1 1, Go to this link: https://dione.batstate-u.edu.ph/odr Step 2 2. Take time to read the reminders. Step 3 3. Click the ‘Next’ button at the lower right portion of the screen. Step 4 4. Choose the Batangas State University Campus where your request will be filed. Step 5 5. Choose the document/s to be requested and enter the number of copies you intend to have. Step 6 6. Fill out the input fields with the required information and click the ‘Next’ button Step 7 7. Draw your signature, tick the confirmation button for the accuracy of the information that you have provided, click the ‘Submit’ button, and click ‘Yes’ for the confirmation of your submission. Step 8 8. Read the information in the ‘Result’ section. Take note of your reference number. On tracking your request: Option 1: Using the same link, you may track the status of your request by clicking the ‘Request Tracker’ button and putting your reference number. Option 2: Check the email that you have provided in the Online Document Request portal. For queries, you may contact Registrar’s Office: registrar.pb@g.batstate-u.edu.ph registrar.alangilan@g.batstate-u.edu.ph registrar.lipa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph registrar.nasugbu@g.batstate-u.edu.ph registrar.malvar@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
SEACAP Call for Participation
Home SEACAP Team Call for Participation Workshop Activities Contact US Developing Smart Environmental Resilience Solutions for Coastal areas in the Philippines: Susceptibility, Adaptation and Mitigation Measures: SEACAP. Disciplines: Built Environment, Engineering, Environmental Resilience, Emergency Management Partner Universities: University of Wolverhampton (UK) and Batangas State University (Philippines) Dates and venue: (October 24-26, 2021) Batangas State University Pablo Borbon Main I, Batangas City, Philippines The full application below must be completed and submitted by the 30th of September 2021 using the google forms link at the end of this email Workshop background: The vulnerability of the Philippines as an archipelago is evident in a series of disasters that struck the country. Philippines’ 832 municipalities are in coastal areas where 62% of the total population of the Philippines live. Its 36,289 km of coastline made this tropical region predisposes the island to rainy and dry seasons due to variations in the trade wind intensity and tropical convergence activity of the Pacific Ocean. A notable disaster in the Philippine coastal community was the storm surge brought by Hurricane Haiyan in 2013 leading to a loss of 6,300 people and damage to properties amounting to £1.8 Billion. In addition, Philippines’ geographic location in the “Pacific Ring of Fire” surrounded it with trenches and fault lines which may cause earthquakes and tsunamis. This SEACAP (Solutions for Environmental Adaptation of Coastal areas in Philippines) workshop will serve as a platform for both experts from the UK and Philippines to better interpret and adapt environmental resilience in coastal communities as well as understand the culture, practices, needs and limitations in developing coastal resilience. The 5-day scientific workshop aims to gather researchers of various disciplines interested in helping the Philippines become environmentally resilient on disaster and degradation of natural resources. Senior and Early Career Researchers (ECRs), from both the UK and the Philippines, from various disciplines such as environmental and coastal engineering, communication and information systems, big data data, internet of things and built environment are the intended audience. It will help strengthen the capacity of local participants in realizing the relevance of emerging technologies in environmental resilience. It will also provide a good opportunity to develop multidisciplinary approaches for effective environmental resilience management of coastal communities. The programme, ‘British Council Researcher Links’ provides opportunities for early career researchers from the UK and internationally to interact, learn from each other and explore opportunities for building long-lasting research collaborations. As part of this programme, we are now recruiting early career researchers and other relevant stakeholders to participate in the above workshop, jointly organised by University of Wolverhampton, UK and Batangas State University, Philippines. The British Council will cover the costs related to the participation in the workshop, including: travel (both international and local), accommodation and meals. Costs for the visa, and travel insurance will be covered; however participants will be responsible for making all the necessary arrangements. The British Council accepts no responsibility for any problems which may occur when the participants are in-country especially due to the complications caused by COVID-19. Sponsorship Newton Fund will cover the costs related to the participation in the workshop, including travel (both international and local), accommodation and meals only for up to 20 UK resident researchers. Costs for the visa and travel insurance will be covered for UK participants; however, participants will be responsible for making all the necessary arrangements. The workshop organisers accept no responsibility for any problems which may occur when the participants are in-country especially due to the complications, limitations and restrictions caused by the current COVID-19 situation. Eligibility Applications must be submitted before the deadline using the Researcher Links this application form (upon clicking this should lead to the Google form) Participants must be Early Career Researchers: Early Career Researcher is someone holding a PhD (or having equivalent research experience) and having up to 10 years of post-PhD research experience. (waived) Participants must have a research or academic position (a permanent post, research contract, or fellowship etc.) at a recognized research institution either in the UK or in the Philippines Selection Procedure Applications to participate in the workshop will be screened according to following criteria: Eligibility checking Quality assessment Quality Assessment Experience and relevance of the applicant’s research area to the workshop Motivation and contribution to the aims of the workshop Description of the long term impact expected through the participation in the workshop Ability to disseminate workshop’s outcomes Application and Deadline The full application form must be completed and submitted by the 30th of September 2021 by 16:00 GMT. Equal Opportunities Equal opportunities and diversity are at the heart of the British Council’s cultural relations ambitions. While recognising that some research fields are dominated by one particular gender, coordinators are encouraged to work towards an equal gender balance and promote diversity. They must not exclude applicants on the basis of ethnicity, gender, religious belief, sexual orientation, or disability. Participants’ selection undertaken by workshop organisers must not contravene this policy. Extra support to enable participation of Early Career Researchers with special needs will be given. Notification Results Only the successful applicants will be notified via email by 8th of October 2021. *Date of the workshop may change due to the current COVID-19 situation. Format of the workshop (virtual or face-to-face) will be determined for both countries’ travel guidelines.
SEACAP
Home SEACAP Team Call for Participation Workshop Activities Contact US The vulnerability of the Philippines as an archipelago is evident in a series of disasters that struck the country. Philippines’ 832 municipalities are in coastal areas where 62% of the total population of the Philippines live. Its 36,289 km of coastline made this tropical region predisposes the island to rainy and dry seasons due to variations in the trade wind intensity and tropical convergence activity of the Pacific Ocean. A notable disaster in the Philippine coastal community was the storm surge brought by Hurricane Haiyan in 2013 leading to a loss of 6,300 people and damage to properties amounting to £1.8 Billion. In addition, Philippines geographic location in the “Pacific Ring of Fire” surrounded it with trenches and fault lines which may cause earthquakes and tsunamis. One of the many coastlines in the Philippines. Damages to coastline of Tacloban region after Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) SEACAP This SEACAP (Solutions for Environmental Adaptation of Coastal areas in Philippines) workshop will serve as a platform for both experts from the UK and Philippines to better interpret and adapt environmental resilience in coastal communities as well as understand the culture, practices, needs and limitations in developing coastal resilience. The 5-day scientific workshop aims to gather researchers of various disciplines interested in helping the Philippines become environmentally resilient on disaster and degradation of natural resources. Senior and Early Career Researchers (ECRs), from both the UK and the Philippines, from various disciplines such as environmental and coastal engineering, communication and information systems, big data data, internet of things and built environment are the intended audience. It will help strengthen the capacity of local participants in realizing the relevance of emerging technologies in environmental resilience. It will also provide a good opportunity to develop multidisciplinary approaches for effective environmental resilience management of coastal communities. Solar-Powered Isotropic Generator of Acoustic Wave (SIGAW) Tactical Operative Amphibious Drive (TOAD) UK-Philippines Researcher Links Workshop The programme, ‘British Council Researcher Links’ provides opportunities for early career researchers from the UK and internationally to interact, learn from each other and explore opportunities for building long-lasting research collaborations. As part of this programme, we are now recruiting early career researchers and other relevant stakeholders to participate in the above workshop, jointly organized by University of Wolverhampton, UK and Batangas State University, Philippines. Proceed here for details on how to participate in the workshop.
2020
Procurement of Clothing Materials in Batangas State University School Uniform AY 2020-2021 BAC Resolution, Purchase Agreement, Notice of Award, Notice to Proceed
PABATID
Bilang pakikiisa sa pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Panitikang Filipino, ang Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) at Opisina ng Kultura at Sining, katuwang ang Sentro ng Wika at Kultura ng Pambansang Pamantasan ng Batangas, ay maglalathala ng isang aklat na kinapalolooban ng mga kuwentong bayan mula sa mga lokal na manunulat ng Region IV-A. Ala eh! Isa ka bang manunulat? Gusto mo bang mapabilang ang iyong akda sa aklat na ililimbag ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino? Ta! Subukan mo’t baka isa ka sa mga mapipiling kontribyutor ng nilalaman ng nasabing aklat. Ipasa na ang iyong naisulat na kuwentong bayan, alamat, pabula, at mitolohiya. Paano? 1. Ang akda ay kinakailangang orihinal, at hindi pa nailalathala sa anumang publikasyon. 2. Filipino ang midyum sa pagsulat. 3. Ipasa ang iyong akda sa email na: cultureandarts.central@g.batstate-u.edu.ph. 4. Gamitin ang format na ito bilang file name: Pamagat_Awtor_UriNgPanitikan.pdf 5. Sa mga karagdagan pang katanungan, mangyaring mag-iwan ng mensahe sa official facebook page ng Batangas State University – Office of Culture and the Arts. #LeadingInnovations #TransformingLives #ZitoRedSpartans
TOWN HALL ON COVID-19
The Batangas State University, in coordination with the Department of Health (DOH) will be conducting a university-wide webinar on COVID-19 vaccination on April 16. Entitled “Town Hall on COVID-19 for Batangas State University”, the awareness webinar aims to orient and guide the whole Red Spartan community on matters regarding the COVID-19 vaccine, as spearheaded by the Health Services Office and Human Resource and Management Office, in coordination with DOH. The arrival of COVID-19 vaccines in the country is a major step in relation to the Philippine National Deployment and Vaccination Plan (NDVP) for COVID-19 Vaccines. Based from the recent surveys conducted by the Octa Research Group, there are still people who have yet to decide whether they will avail the available vaccines or not, because they are “not sure if the vaccine is safe and effective.” The Batangas State University, being an institution of higher learning, is one with the national government in ensuring a unified and coordinated vaccination campaign as provided under the NDVP. This is along with the end goal of undertaking proactive measures necessary to assure health and safety of all Filipinos. Representatives from DOH are invited speakers to the program to discuss facts that the public has to know about the COVID-19 vaccines.
Extension – CICS
Alangilan entrance facadeAlangilan pathwayAlangilan Research STEER HubAlangilan CITfons somniorumAlangilan CICSALANGILAN GYM PERS. Alangilan Administration Students Faculty Research Extension Linkages Facilities Extension & Community Services Spartan Relief Assistance (stranded students affected by Enhanced Community Quarantine due to COVID 19) Description and Objectives: Provide immediate aid for survival relief assistance to the students and faculties affected by the Enhanced Community Quarantine due to COVID 19. Specifically, this project tends to: To identify and track the students that has been stranded. Coordinate with other agencies to provide assistance and support. Provide the students with relief assistance such as foods and hygiene kits. Location: Batangas City Duration: March – April 2020 Beneficiaries: BatStateU Students Cooperating Agencies: Batangas State University IT and CS Department Department Involved: College of Informatics and Computing Sciences (CICS) CICS Student Council Association of Committed Computer Science (ACCESS) Integrated Information Technology Student Society (IINTESS) Graduate Students’ Society of Informatics and Computing Sciences (GRASSICS) Project Leader, Asst. Project Leader and Coordinators: Project Leaders Mr. Alex I. Magboo–College Dean Jefferson I. Cañada – Student Council Adviser Lovely Rose T. Hernandez – IINTESS Adviser/ Extension Services Coordinator Raymond Kit Rodriguez – ACCESS Adviser Myrna A. Coliat – GRASSICS Adviser Asst. Project Leaders Jaycris A. Amparo – SC/IINTESS President Bernadette C. Vilela – ACCESS President John Marvelle A. Pereña – GRASSIC President Volunteers: Faculty Members Student Organizations Officers and Students Rationale of the Project (brief description of the situation): On March 8, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte signed Proclamation 922 placing the entire Philippines under state of public health emergency because of the COVID-19 threat that is looming in the nation.During the second day of the implementation of the Metro Manila community quarantine, on March 16, President Duterte declared a Luzon-wide “enhanced community quarantine” (ECQ) that aims to further combat the effect of the continuing and increasing spread of COVID-19. Under the Luzon ECQ setup, mass gatherings are completely prohibited and all means of public transport is no longer allowed limiting the movement of people. All schools in all levels are temporarily prohibited to conduct classes and activities until April 14.A “work from home” scheme is applied to the government workers of the executive branch except for the skeletal workforce consisting of uniformed personnel (Philippine National Police, Armed Forces of the Philippines, and Philippine Coast Guard), those providing services in the frontline of health and emergency, and border control. For the private sector, companies are also advised to implement a “work from home” arrangement. extension-main-2-cics-9extension-main-2-cics-5extension-main-2-cics-2extension-main-2-cics-6extension-main-2-cics-1extension-main-2-cics-7extension-main-2-cics-3extension-main-2-cics-8 As part of the Philippine Government’s continuing efforts to address the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, President Rodrigo Roa Duterte has approved the extension of the Luzon-wide enhanced community quarantine until 30 April 2020. With this, there are (as of April 17, 2020) 83 students who got stranded in their dormitories. With the help of the other students and faculty member through online platforms, the college were able to track and identify the stranded students. The project aims to provide immediate relief assistance to the stranded students.
